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通過OpenTelemetry上報C++應用數據

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通過OpenTelemetry為應用埋點并上報鏈路數據至可觀測鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版后，可觀測鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版即可開始監控應用，您可以查看應用拓撲、調用鏈路、異常事務、慢事務和SQL分析等一系列監控數據。本文介紹如何使用OpenTelemetry為C++應用埋點并上報數據。

前提條件

獲取接入點信息

  1. 登錄ARMS控制臺，在左側導航欄單擊接入中心。

  2. 在服務端應用區域單擊OpenTelemetry卡片。

  3. 在彈出的OpenTelemetry面板中選擇數據需要上報的地域。

    說明

    初次接入的地域將會自動進行資源初始化。

  4. 選擇連接方式和上報方式，然后復制接入點信息。

    • 連接方式：若您的服務部署在阿里云上，且所屬地域與選擇的接入地域一致，推薦使用阿里云內網方式，否則選擇公網方式。

    • 上報方式：根據客戶端支持的協議類型選擇HTTP或gRPC協議上報數據。

    image.png

示例Demo

示例代碼倉庫地址：opentelemetry-cpp-demo

環境要求

步驟一：環境準備

  1. （可選）運行C++鏡像。

    docker pull gcc # 這個鏡像用的系統是debian
docker run -it --name otel-cpp-demo gcc bash

  2. 安裝必備的依賴。

    • protobuf

    • grpc

    apt-get update
apt-get install sudo

sudo apt-get install git cmake g++ libcurl4-openssl-dev
# 安裝 protobuf
sudo apt-get install protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev
# 安裝 grpc
sudo apt-get install -y libgrpc++-dev libgrpc-dev protobuf-compiler-grpc

步驟二：安裝OpenTelemetry C++ Library

git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp

cd opentelemetry-cpp
mkdir build && cd build
cmake -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DWITH_OTLP_GRPC=ON -DWITH_OTLP_HTTP=ON ..

cmake --build . --target all

# 直接安裝到/usr/local（推薦）
cmake --install . 

# 或者安裝到指定路徑
# cmake --install . --prefix /opentelemetry-cpp-lib

步驟三：在項目中使用OpenTelemetry C++ Library

通過HTTP上報數據

  1. 創建項目。

    mkdir otel-http-export-demo
cd otel otel-http-export-demo

  2. 編寫項目CMakeLists.txt文件。

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.1) #version填cmake的版本，cmake --version
project(otel-http-export-demo) # 括號里填項目名

add_executable(otel-http-export-demo http_exporter.cc) # 項目名和main文件

find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(protobuf)
find_package(gRPC)
find_package(CURL)
find_package(nlohmann_json)

include_directories("${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_INCLUDE_DIRS}")

target_link_libraries(
    opentelemetry_trace
    opentelemetry_common
    opentelemetry_http_client_curl
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http_client
    opentelemetry_otlp_recordable
    opentelemetry_resources
)

  3. 編寫Demo。

    測試代碼只包含一個http_exporter.cc文件。

    請將${ServiceName}替換為您的應用名，將${HostName}替換為主機名。

    // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_options.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/ostream/span_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/semantic_conventions.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h"

#include <string>


namespace trace     = opentelemetry::trace;
namespace trace_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::trace;
namespace otlp      = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp;
namespace internal_log = opentelemetry::sdk::common::internal_log;
namespace resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource;

namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;

namespace
{
    opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpHttpExporterOptions opts;
    void InitTracer()
    {
        // 創建OTLP exporter
        auto exporter  = otlp::OtlpHttpExporterFactory::Create(opts);
        auto processor = trace_sdk::SimpleSpanProcessorFactory::Create(std::move(exporter));

        resource::ResourceAttributes attributes = {
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kServiceName, "${ServiceName}"}, // 應用名
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kHostName, "${HostName}"}
        };
        auto resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource::Create(attributes);

        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> provider =
                trace_sdk::TracerProviderFactory::Create(std::move(processor), std::move(resource));

        // 設置Trace provider
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(provider);
    }

    void CleanupTracer()
    {
        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> none;
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(none);
    }

    nostd::shared_ptr<trace::Tracer> get_tracer()
    {
        auto provider = trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
        return provider->GetTracer("library name to trace", OPENTELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION);
    }

    void f1()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f1"));
    }

    void f2()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f2"));

        f1();
        f1();
    }

    void foo_library()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("library"));

        f2();
    }
}  // namespace

/*
  Usage:
  - example_otlp_http
  - example_otlp_http <URL>
  - example_otlp_http <URL> <DEBUG>
  - example_otlp_http <URL> <DEBUG> <BIN>
  <DEBUG> = yes|no, to turn console debug on or off
  <BIN> = bin, to export in binary format
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        opts.url = argv[1];
        if (argc > 2)
        {
            std::string debug  = argv[2];
            opts.console_debug = debug != "" && debug != "0" && debug != "no";
        }

        if (argc > 3)
        {
            std::string binary_mode = argv[3];
            if (binary_mode.size() >= 3 && binary_mode.substr(0, 3) == "bin")
            {
                opts.content_type = otlp::HttpRequestContentType::kBinary;
            }
        }
    }

    if (opts.console_debug)
    {
        internal_log::GlobalLogHandler::SetLogLevel(internal_log::LogLevel::Debug);
    }

    InitTracer();

    foo_library();

    CleanupTracer();
}

  4. 編譯項目。

    mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make

  5. 運行項目。

    ./otel-http-export-demo ${http-endpoint}

    請將${http-endpoint}替換為前提條件中獲取的HTTP接入點信息。

    例如：

    ./otel-http-export-demo http://tracing-analysis-dc-hz.aliyuncs.com/adapt_xxxxx_xxxxx/api/otlp/traces

通過gRPC上報數據

  1. 創建項目。

    mkdir otel-grpc-export-demo
cd otel otel-grpc-export-demo

  2. 編寫項目CMakeLists.txt文件。

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.1) #version填cmake的版本，cmake --version
project(otel-grpc-export-demo) # 括號里填項目名

add_executable(otel-grpc-export-demo grpc_exporter.cc) # 項目名和main文件

find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(protobuf)
find_package(gRPC)
find_package(CURL)
find_package(nlohmann_json)

include_directories("${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_INCLUDE_DIRS}")

target_link_libraries(
    otel-grpc-export-demo ${OPENTELEMETRY_CPP_LIBRARIES}
    opentelemetry_trace
    opentelemetry_common
    opentelemetry_http_client_curl
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc
    opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_http_client
    opentelemetry_otlp_recordable
    opentelemetry_resources
)

  3. 編寫Demo。

    測試代碼只包含一個grpc_exporter.cc文件。

    請將${ServiceName}替換為您的應用名，將${HostName}替換為主機名。

    // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_options.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/global_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/context/propagation/text_map_propagator.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/ostream/span_exporter_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/propagation/http_trace_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/semantic_conventions.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/global_log_handler.h"

#include <string>


namespace trace     = opentelemetry::trace;
namespace trace_sdk = opentelemetry::sdk::trace;
namespace otlp      = opentelemetry::exporter::otlp;
namespace internal_log = opentelemetry::sdk::common::internal_log;
namespace resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource;

namespace nostd = opentelemetry::nostd;

namespace
{
    opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts;
    void InitTracer()
    {
        // 創建OTLP exporter
        auto exporter  = otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterFactory::Create(opts);
        auto processor = trace_sdk::SimpleSpanProcessorFactory::Create(std::move(exporter));

        resource::ResourceAttributes attributes = {
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kServiceName, "${ServiceName} "}, // 應用名
                {resource::SemanticConventions::kHostName, "${HostName}"}
        };
        auto resource = opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource::Create(attributes);

        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> provider =
                trace_sdk::TracerProviderFactory::Create(std::move(processor), std::move(resource));

        // 設置Trace provider
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(provider);
    }

    void CleanupTracer()
    {
        std::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::trace::TracerProvider> none;
        trace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(none);
    }

    nostd::shared_ptr<trace::Tracer> get_tracer()
    {
        auto provider = trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
        return provider->GetTracer("library name to trace", OPENTELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION);
    }

    void f1()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f1"));
    }

    void f2()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("f2"));

        f1();
        f1();
    }

    void foo_library()
    {
        auto scoped_span = trace::Scope(get_tracer()->StartSpan("library"));

        f2();
    }
}  // namespace

/*
  Usage:
  - example_otlp_grpc
  - example_otlp_grpc <URL> <TOKEN>
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        opts.endpoint = argv[1];
        if (argc > 2)
        {
            opts.metadata.insert(std::pair<std::string, std::string>("authentication",argv[2]));
        }

        if (argc > 3)
        {
            opts.use_ssl_credentials         = true;
            opts.ssl_credentials_cacert_path = argv[3];
        }
    }

    InitTracer();

    foo_library();

    CleanupTracer();
}

  4. 編譯項目。

    mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make

  5. 運行項目。

    ./otel-grpc-export-demo ${gRPC-endpoint} ${token}

    請將${gRPC-endpoint}和${token}替換為前提條件中獲取的gRPC接入點和鑒權Token。

    例如：

    ./otel-grpc-export-demo http://tracing-analysis-dc-hz.aliyuncs.com:8090 xxxxx_xxxxxx

常見報錯

運行后提示：

./otel-grpc-export-demo: error while loading shared libraries: libopentelemetry_proto_grpc.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

執行以下命令修改環境變量。

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib/

/usr/local/lib是opentelemetry-cpp安裝的地址。

查看監控數據

登錄ARMS控制臺后，在應用監控 > 應用列表頁面選擇目標應用，查看鏈路數據。

說明

語言列顯示image圖標的應用為接入應用監控的應用，顯示-圖標的應用為接入可觀測鏈路 OpenTelemetry 版的應用。